Network analysis is a powerful and well-established method of characterizing and optimizing a control system. [1] Unfortunately, making a successful measurement can be difficult and frustrating ...

When implementing cooling solutions for electronic equipment, system designers are confronted with a complex set of variables. The cooling requirements are typically dynamic, and ambient temperatures ...

Loop analysis of analog and mixed-signal discontinuous systems, such as PLLs, delta-sigma converters, switched-capacitor filters, PWM amplifiers, and switch-mode power supplies, presents a unique ...

Lighting a string of LEDs at a constant brightness requires driving it with a regulated current. A boost converter is commonly used to step up the voltage to a level high enough to bias the LEDs on ...

On/off valves are basically on/off switches for hydraulic systems. They are typically installed in applications where precise position or speed control is not required. Proportional valves adjust flow ...